Violence and epidemic disease caused an immediate loss of life, and the occupation of land by settlers and the restriction of Aboriginal people to ‘reserves’ disrupted their ability to support themselves. Cultural and historical factorsĬolonisation has had a devastating impact on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and culture. While most of the available data and therefore the analysis focus on the socio-economic and environmental factors, an examination of cultural and historical factors and the impact of colonisation on the health and wellbeing of Indigenous Australians is also important. Specifically, the outcome areas relate to education, employment, health and wellbeing, justice, safety, housing, land and waters, and languages (NIAA 2020). The National Agreement has 17 targets including a range of health outcome measures and related determinants.
This agreement provides a framework to address the entrenched inequality faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people so that their life outcomes are equal to all Australians. In July 2020, a new National Agreement on Closing the Gap was endorsed by the Australian governments and the Coalition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peak Organisations.
had completed Year 12 or equivalent, compared with those with a Year 10 or lower level of school qualification (71% compared with 49%, respectively) (ABS 2019). were employed, compared with those not employed (including those not in the labour force) (66% compared with 48%, respectively). For example, in 2018–19, among Indigenous Australian adults, the proportion who did not smoke was higher among those who: There is significant interaction and overlap between social determinants and health risk factors. The remaining health gap (of around 47%) includes differences in access to health services and the impact of cultural and historical factors on health (AIHW 2018). Determinants and the health gapĪn AIHW analysis of results from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) health survey data estimated that around one-third (34%) of the health gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians was due to social determinants (employment and hours worked, highest non-school qualification, level of schooling completed, housing adequacy and household income) and just under one-fifth (19%) of the gap was due to ‘health risk factors’ (risky alcohol consumption, high blood pressure, overweight and obesity status, inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, physical inactivity and smoking). These factors are interrelated and combine to affect the health of individuals and broader communities. For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, factors such as cultural identity, family and kinship, country and caring for country, knowledge and beliefs, language and participation in cultural activities and access to traditional lands are also key determinants of health and wellbeing (AIHW and NIAA 2020). Don't forget to select the appropriate Reference Type for each new reference.Health is related to an individual’s environment and circumstances such as where they live, their education level, income and living conditions along with their access to and use of health services (WHO 2017). 
Click New Reference (CTRL-N) to begin entering the next reference. Your changes will be lost if you don't save them) A pop-up message will ask you to save changes or cancel them (Do you want to save the changes made to the reference?. Click Close Reference under File, or CTRL-W or click on the x in the right-hand corner of the New Reference window. Continue until all the relevant information has been entered in the appropriate fields. Move to subsequent fields by pressing the Tab key. Enter subsequent authors on a separate line. From the References menu, click New Reference (CTRL-N) or on the toolbar. ENDNOTE X WORD 2013 HOW TO
However, it's important to know how to add references manually to your EndNote library because there may be situations where a reference isn't available to be exported or you need to edit an existing reference. Generally, you should be able to export most of your references from Library databases, Library catalogues or Google Scholar.
0 kommentar(er)
